Introduction
Class Declaration
Following is the declaration for java.lang.Math class −
public final class Math extends Object
Field
Following are the fields for java.lang.Math class −
- static double E − This is the double value that is closer than any other to e, the base of the natural logarithms.
- static double PI − This is the double value that is closer than any other to pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
Class methods
| S.N. | Method & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | static double abs(double a)
This method returns the absolute value of a double value.
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| 2 | static float abs(float a)
This method returns the absolute value of a float value.
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| 3 | static int abs(int a)
This method returns the absolute value of an int value.
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| 4 | static long abs(long a)
This method returns the absolute value of a long value.
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| 5 | static double acos(double a)
This method returns the arc cosine of a value; the returned angle is in the range 0.0 through pi.
|
| 6 | static double asin(double a)
This method returns the arc sine of a value; the returned angle is in the range -pi/2 through pi/2.
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| 7 | static double atan(double a)
This method returns the arc tangent of a value; the returned angle is in the range -pi/2 through pi/2.
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| 8 | static double atan2(double y, double x)
This method returns the angle theta from the conversion of rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates (r, theta).
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| 9 | static double cbrt(double a)
This method returns the cube root of a double value.
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| 10 | static double ceil(double a)
This method returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) double value that is greater than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
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| 11 | static double copySign(double magnitude, double sign)
This method returns the first floating-point argument with the sign of the second floating-point argument.
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| 12 | static float copySign(float magnitude, float sign)
This method returns the first floating-point argument with the sign of the second floating-point argument.
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| 13 | static double cos(double a)
This method returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.
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| 14 | static double cosh(double x)
This method returns the hyperbolic cosine of a double value.
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| 15 | static double exp(double a)
This method returns Euler's number e raised to the power of a double value.
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| 16 | static double expm1(double x)
This method returns ex -1.
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| 17 | static double floor(double a)
This method returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) double value that is less than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
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| 18 | static int getExponent(double d)
This method returns the unbiased exponent used in the representation of a double.
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| 19 | static int getExponent(float f)
This method returns the unbiased exponent used in the representation of a float.
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| 20 | static double hypot(double x, double y)
This method returns sqrt(x2 +y2) without intermediate overflow or underflow.
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| 21 | static double IEEEremainder(double f1, double f2)
This method computes the remainder operation on two arguments as prescribed by the IEEE 754 standard.
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| 22 | static double log(double a)
This method returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a double value.
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| 23 | static double log10(double a)
This method returns the base 10 logarithm of a double value.
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| 24 | static double log1p(double x)
This method returns the natural logarithm of the sum of the argument and 1.
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| 25 | static double max(double a, double b)
This method returns the greater of two double values.
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| 26 | static float max(float a, float b)
This method returns the greater of two float values.
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| 27 | static int max(int a, int b)
This method returns the greater of two int values.
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| 28 | static long max(long a, long b)
This method returns the greater of two long values.
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| 29 | static double min(double a, double b)
This method returns the smaller of two double values.
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| 30 | static float min(float a, float b)
This method returns the smaller of two float values.
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| 31 | static int min(int a, int b)
This method returns the smaller of two int values.
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| 32 | static long min(long a, long b)
This method returns the smaller of two long values.
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| 33 | static double nextAfter(double start, double direction)
This method returns the floating-point number adjacent to the first argument in the direction of the second argument.
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| 34 | static float nextAfter(float start, double direction)
This method returns the floating-point number adjacent to the first argument in the direction of the second argument.
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| 35 | static double nextUp(double d)
This method returns the floating-point value adjacent to d in the direction of positive infinity.
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| 36 | static float nextUp(float f)
This method returns the floating-point value adjacent to f in the direction of positive infinity.
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| 37 | static double pow(double a, double b)
This method returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second argument.
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| 38 | static double random()
This method returns a double value with a positive sign, greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.
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| 39 | static double rint(double a)
This method returns the double value that is closest in value to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
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| 40 | static long round(double a)
This method returns the closest long to the argument.
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| 41 | static int round(float a)
This method returns the closest int to the argument.
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| 42 | static double scalb(double d, int scaleFactor)
This method returns d × 2scaleFactor rounded as if performed by a single correctly rounded floating-point multiply to a member of the double value set.
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| 43 | static float scalb(float f, int scaleFactor)
This method return f × 2scaleFactor rounded as if performed by a single correctly rounded floating-point multiply to a member of the float value set.
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| 44 | static double signum(double d)
This method returns the signum function of the argument; zero if the argument is zero, 1.0 if the argument is greater than zero, -1.0 if the argument is less than zero.
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| 45 | static float signum(float f)
This method returns the signum function of the argument; zero if the argument is zero, 1.0f if the argument is greater than zero, -1.0f if the argument is less than zero.
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| 46 | static double sin(double a)
This method returns the hyperbolic sine of a double value.
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| 47 | static double sinh(double x)
This method Returns the hyperbolic sine of a double value.
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| 48 | static double sqrt(double a)
This method returns the correctly rounded positive square root of a double value.
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| 49 | static double tan(double a)
This method returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle.r
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| 50 | static double tanh(double x)
This method returns the hyperbolic tangent of a double value.
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| 51 | static double toDegrees(double angrad)
This method converts an angle measured in radians to an approximately equivalent angle measured in degrees.
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| 52 | static double toRadians(double angdeg)
This method converts an angle measured in degrees to an approximately equivalent angle measured in radians.
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| 53 | static double ulp(double d)
This method returns the size of an ulp of the argument.
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| 54 | static double ulp(float f)
This method returns the size of an ulp of the argument.
|
Methods inherited
This class inherits methods from the following classes −
- java.lang.Object
Here is an example program that exercises most of the routines in
java.lang.Math. If your high school math is a little rusty, don't worry if you don't remember the exact meaning of logarithms or cosines. Just know that they're here in Java if you need them.public class MathLibraryExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 7;
int j = -9;
double x = 72.3;
double y = 0.34;
System.out.println("i is " + i);
System.out.println("j is " + j);
System.out.println("x is " + x);
System.out.println("y is " + y);
// The absolute value of a number is equal to
// the number if the number is positive or
// zero and equal to the negative of the number
// if the number is negative.
System.out.println("|" + i + "| is " + Math.abs(i));
System.out.println("|" + j + "| is " + Math.abs(j));
System.out.println("|" + x + "| is " + Math.abs(x));
System.out.println("|" + y + "| is " + Math.abs(y));
// Truncating and Rounding functions
// You can round off a floating point number
// to the nearest integer with round()
System.out.println(x + " is approximately " + Math.round(x));
System.out.println(y + " is approximately " + Math.round(y));
// The "ceiling" of a number is the
// smallest integer greater than or equal to
// the number. Every integer is its own
// ceiling.
System.out.println("The ceiling of " + i + " is " + Math.ceil(i));
System.out.println("The ceiling of " + j + " is " + Math.ceil(j));
System.out.println("The ceiling of " + x + " is " + Math.ceil(x));
System.out.println("The ceiling of " + y + " is " + Math.ceil(y));
// The "floor" of a number is the largest
// integer less than or equal to the number.
// Every integer is its own floor.
System.out.println("The floor of " + i + " is " + Math.floor(i));
System.out.println("The floor of " + j + " is " + Math.floor(j));
System.out.println("The floor of " + x + " is " + Math.floor(x));
System.out.println("The floor of " + y + " is " + Math.floor(y));
// Comparison operators
// min() returns the smaller of the two arguments you pass it
System.out.println("min(" + i + "," + j + ") is " + Math.min(i,j));
System.out.println("min(" + x + "," + y + ") is " + Math.min(x,y));
System.out.println("min(" + i + "," + x + ") is " + Math.min(i,x));
System.out.println("min(" + y + "," + j + ") is " + Math.min(y,j));
// There's a corresponding max() method
// that returns the larger of two numbers
System.out.println("max(" + i + "," + j + ") is " + Math.max(i,j));
System.out.println("max(" + x + "," + y + ") is " + Math.max(x,y));
System.out.println("max(" + i + "," + x + ") is " + Math.max(i,x));
System.out.println("max(" + y + "," + j + ") is " + Math.max(y,j));
// The Math library defines a couple
// of useful constants:
System.out.println("Pi is " + Math.PI);
System.out.println("e is " + Math.E);
// Trigonometric methods
// All arguments are given in radians
// Convert a 45 degree angle to radians
double angle = 45.0 * 2.0 * Math.PI/360.0;
System.out.println("cos(" + angle + ") is " + Math.cos(angle));
System.out.println("sin(" + angle + ") is " + Math.sin(angle));
// Inverse Trigonometric methods
// All values are returned as radians
double value = 0.707;
System.out.println("acos(" + value + ") is " + Math.acos(value));
System.out.println("asin(" + value + ") is " + Math.asin(value));
System.out.println("atan(" + value + ") is " + Math.atan(value));
// Exponential and Logarithmic Methods
// exp(a) returns e (2.71828...) raised
// to the power of a.
System.out.println("exp(1.0) is " + Math.exp(1.0));
System.out.println("exp(10.0) is " + Math.exp(10.0));
System.out.println("exp(0.0) is " + Math.exp(0.0));
// log(a) returns the natural
// logarithm (base e) of a.
System.out.println("log(1.0) is " + Math.log(1.0));
System.out.println("log(10.0) is " + Math.log(10.0));
System.out.println("log(Math.E) is " + Math.log(Math.E));
// pow(x, y) returns the x raised
// to the yth power.
System.out.println("pow(2.0, 2.0) is " + Math.pow(2.0,2.0));
System.out.println("pow(10.0, 3.5) is " + Math.pow(10.0,3.5));
System.out.println("pow(8, -1) is " + Math.pow(8,-1));
// sqrt(x) returns the square root of x.
for (i=0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(
"The square root of " + i + " is " + Math.sqrt(i));
}
// Finally there's one Random method
// that returns a pseudo-random number
// between 0.0 and 1.0;
System.out.println("Here's one random number: " + Math.random());
System.out.println("Here's another random number: " + Math.random());
}
}
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